Module 5: Injuries & BALD STEP
In this module we discuss injuries that may be present, or why they may be absent with sexual assault. The BALD STEP guide is also introduced as a way to standardize terminology and increase understanding across professionals.
A copy of the BALD STEP traumagram and key from the RCMP Kit are shown below with English and French versions of BALD STEP.
![Catherine Carter-Snell](https://forensiceducation.ca/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/img/default_avatar.jpg)
Catherine Carter-Snell is an experienced educator, researcher and registered nurse. Her background includes many years of trauma nursing in Emergency, ICU and flight nursing, as well as work with sexual assault/domestic violence examinations and training. She holds a PhD in nursing and international certification as a sexual assault nurse examiner. Her research is focused on physical and psychological effects of interpersonal violence, especially injuries and improving health care services for victims. She has also developed many educational programs for professionals on dating violence and sexual assault issues including a certificate program in forensic studies for professionals.